Sam

Environmental challenges such as deforestation, air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, and climate change have grown rapidly in India due to industrialization and urbanization. Traditional legal mechanisms often failed to address these concerns effectively, leaving citizens and communities without adequate remedies. Against this backdrop, Public Interest Litigation (PIL) has emerged as a transformative tool in … Read more

India’s rapid industrialization and urban expansion have brought significant ecological challenges. To address these effectively, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. The NGT has emerged as a vital judicial body that ensures quick disposal of environmental cases, promotes accountability, and upholds citizens’ constitutional right to a clean … Read more

Environmental challenges in India have often outpaced legislative and administrative measures. In this vacuum, the Supreme Court of India has played a pivotal role through judicial activism, stepping in to protect natural resources and citizens’ right to a healthy environment. By interpreting Article 21 of the Constitution (Right to Life) broadly, the Court has transformed … Read more

India’s journey in environmental governance reflects the global evolution of ecological awareness and sustainable development. From the 1972 Stockholm Conference on Human Environment to the 2015 Paris Agreement, India has steadily built a robust framework of laws, policies, and institutions to address the growing environmental crisis. This evolution has been shaped by international commitments, judicial … Read more

The Supreme Court of India has played a transformative role in shaping environmental law and governance. Through its landmark judgments, the Court has expanded the scope of Article 21 of the Constitution (Right to Life) to include the Right to a Clean and Healthy Environment. These rulings not only compelled governments and industries to prioritize … Read more

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a crucial tool for balancing development with environmental sustainability. It evaluates the potential environmental, social, and economic consequences of proposed projects before granting approvals. In India, EIA was introduced in 1978 for river valley projects and later made mandatory under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Despite its importance, implementation of … Read more

South Asia, home to nearly a quarter of the world’s population, faces enormous environmental challenges such as air and water pollution, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and climate vulnerability. To address these concerns, countries in the region have enacted a range of environmental legislations, influenced by their socio-economic priorities, political systems, and international obligations. While similarities exist … Read more

Environmental governance in India has evolved rapidly over the past decades, with growing recognition of the need for specialized institutions to address environmental disputes. The National Green Tribunal (NGT), established in 2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act, has emerged as a unique judicial body dedicated solely to environmental matters. It was designed to provide … Read more

Environmental law in India has undergone a remarkable transformation over the decades, evolving from scattered regulations during colonial times to a comprehensive legal framework addressing pressing concerns of pollution, conservation, and sustainable development. The journey reflects changing priorities—initially focused on revenue and resource control, and later expanding into protection of air, water, forests, biodiversity, and … Read more